B pharma 2nd semester syllabus
| Subject | Units Covered | Download |
|---|---|---|
| Human Anatomy and Physiology – II |
Unit 1: Nervous system – organization, neuron & neuroglia, nerve impulse, neurotransmitters, meninges, ventricles, CSF, brain and spinal cord structure and functions. Unit 2: Digestive system – anatomy & functions of GI tract, stomach, pancreas, liver, movements of GIT, digestion and absorption, energetics (ATP, creatine phosphate, BMR). Unit 3: Respiratory & Urinary systems – lungs, respiration, regulation, lung volumes, gas transport, artificial respiration; kidney & nephron anatomy, urine formation, micturition, acid-base balance, RAS, kidney disorders. Unit 4: Endocrine system – hormones, mechanism of action, structure & functions of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, pineal, thymus, and their disorders. Unit 5: Reproductive system – male & female anatomy, physiology, sex hormones, menstruation, fertilization, pregnancy, genetics (chromosomes, genes, DNA, protein synthesis). |
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| Biochemistry |
Unit 1: Biomolecules – carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids; bioenergetics and ATP significance. Unit 2: Carbohydrate metabolism – glycolysis, TCA, HMP shunt, glycogen metabolism, gluconeogenesis, ETC, oxidative phosphorylation. Unit 3: Lipid & amino acid metabolism – β-oxidation, ketone bodies, fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol metabolism, urea cycle, disorders, catecholamine synthesis. Unit 4: Nucleic acid metabolism – purine/pyrimidine synthesis & catabolism, DNA & RNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, genetic code. Unit 5: Enzymes – classification, kinetics, inhibitors, regulation, diagnostic and therapeutic uses, coenzymes. |
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| Pathophysiology |
Unit 1: Cell injury, adaptation, homeostasis, feedback systems, inflammation, repair, wound healing, atherosclerosis. Unit 2: Cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal disorders – hypertension, heart failure, asthma, COPD, renal failure. Unit 3: Hematological, endocrine, nervous, and GI disorders – anemia, diabetes, thyroid disorders, epilepsy, stroke, depression, peptic ulcer. Unit 4: Liver, bone, and joint diseases – hepatitis, jaundice, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, gout, principles of cancer. Unit 5: Infectious and sexually transmitted diseases – meningitis, typhoid, TB, UTI, AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea. |
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| Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry – I |
Unit 1: Classification, nomenclature, and isomerism of organic compounds. Unit 2: Alkanes, alkenes, conjugated dienes – reactions, stability, mechanism (E1, E2). Unit 3: Alkyl halides and alcohols – SN1, SN2 mechanisms, qualitative tests, uses. Unit 4: Carbonyl compounds – aldehydes & ketones, condensation reactions, qualitative tests, structure and uses. Unit 5: Carboxylic acids & amines – acidity, inductive effect, qualitative tests, structure and uses of key compounds. |
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| 📘 Complete 2nd Semester Syllabus | All subjects (Anatomy & Physiology II, Biochemistry, Pathophysiology, Organic Chemistry I) | Download |
